Have you wondered with a myriad of products in the market what do you really need to purchase to breed successfully ?frankly the lesser you use the better, in this case the necessary items is needed.

What is necessary? From all my blog post I have given a list of items I generally use for example:

• Tank 100 litres
• Ada soil (you can use 2 litres I know my recommendation is about 1litre of soil to 16 litres of water but 2 litres of soil for most is more achievable)
• Filtration ( I use ugf and hang on back)
• Hwa version 1 food
• Lights (I now use chihiros)
• Reminerizer

Is that really all that is needed ? Yes basically my setup is fairly straight forward with no bells and whistles because keeping it simple means I can control every element and pinpoint where the issue may come from. If you have a tank with a lot of gadgets and used a wide range of food product and this and that, when something happens there are too many variables. Could it be my plants or new filter or powder food etc etc. There is no way you will be able to know what is happening.

How many times have you look at products and description and said, maybe I need this. But do you really need it? Technically most products are either good to have or it requires some knowledge to use it. Those who know me Knows that I am not someone who use bacteria powder and do we really need it? Let’s break it down, what actually is bacteria powder or liquid or magic powder? They are nothing more than a product that makes you think you need it. The message put across as a fear to customers is there isn’t any harm using it but if you don’t use it your shrimps might not do well. This fear instilled many even today, where people purchase product because they follow the trend and realise after many years that such product will not turn your cull shrimp into graded or competition shrimp; selective breeding does.

Everything else is inexpensive except for high quality shrimp and while there are trends where prices peak and fall some of the shrimps today still maintain a very high price. Even pure red line of certain standard continues to command a high price and this is due to its lineage. What we are really paying is time, the time that the breeder does his line breeding. A higher grade shrimp will have a higher probability of producing high grade shrimps. It does not mean all the shrimplets will be high grade but the probability is definitely higher.

Why are some people more successful than others? Is there a trick in it? There isn’t. It really boils down to the fundamental notion of shrimp keeping, the more you add the less you know what went wrong. The less you add, the more you will know what goes in the tank. While I reach out to hobbyist and breeders alike to stand firm and ask the hard questions on shrimp breeding instead of selling “magic powder” to generate profit, I think everyone deserve the right to know the truth behind this hobby. It is a very simple straight forward hobby and you too can breed fantastic shrimps.

Everyone can keep and breed shrimps well and really deserve to have information readily available. This will help the whole hobby up the next level, why do some hobbyist stop and stagnate after awhile? Because they realise it has become a chore to even do what is necessary, does adding powder every water change, feeding powder food every 3 days, putting in plants, adding fertiliser, rotate 20 shrimp food, add different decorations etc sound like itchy finger syndrome ?

Keep it simple; the hobby in my opinion should be more rewarding if one can spend most of your time watching your high quality shrimp do their things in the open. Please do not get me wrong and I know there are breeders who enjoy the DIY part of the hobby which is cool. What I’m trying to put across is many times people ask why are my shrimps dying etc etc, I realise they needed information; true information. However it is very difficult to search through a ton of information and not knowing which is right. Hence, i wanted to share my breeding setup etc to everyone as a reference to what I do, how I do and why I do this or that. I’m also continuously learning about the hobby and certainly keep and open mind about methods on successful shrimp breeding.

Taken together what is necessary for shrimp breeding is really only the setup (you can read the other breeding tank setup if you haven’t) and once the setup and process is completed, it really becomes easy because all is required is feeding and water change while you let nature take its course.

I wish someone told me this with conviction before I start shrimp keeping which would have reduced a lot of unnecessary investment and effort to re do some of the things I did. I did quite a bit of research extensively but I didn’t get to some of the information and that is why I would take this time to pen down my thoughts. This is a Long read. Have a coffee or tea ready.

There are many ways in shrimp keeping and more often then not they work pretty well to a certain extend. So what are some of the changes that will make this hobby easier to start with?

• Choose your breeder

• Choose your setup

• Choose what shrimps to keep

• Set your goals

The above four points are areas which I tend to believe is important as they really create structure and process for your shrimp breeding/keeping journey to be less “eventful”.

Choose your breeder

There are no right or wrong in this situation but a recommended approach is to first choose a breeder you would like to work with. This can possibly change over time as you start learning more. However, for example if I’m just beginning to keep shrimps, I will ask hobbyist preferably local and overseas to recommend their breeder. This will help with getting good stock and knowledge.

Out of a list of breeders, select those you think you can work with in terms of purchase etc then start contacting them.

Points to note:

Note 1:

choose breeders. Not consolidators if possible.

Consolidators are those that take shrimp from a range of breeders. This is where you can see shrimp disparity and difference if you order in bulk. For example if you order 100 PRL, the batches look different and you know it is from different batches.

Consolidator are like Traders they take and purchase shrimp from all over and then resell it to an agent and onwards to you. Consolidator generally go through many hands so you can’t really trace back their line and are generally cheaper. They match on price. Some consolidator have their own line as well but generally does consolidating job. Consolidators caters to the mass market.

Breeders on the other hand do not do consolidating from outside their network. This is when things get serious.

Breeders work with people to help breed shrimp and have the same process for all their network. For example if Breeder A breeds PRL at a given parameters, his fellow “helper” breeds them in the same parameters. In Taiwan these helpers are usually called disciples and down line. These disciples follow a very strict rule and never to sell their shrimp and main focus is to help breed the main breeder shrimp. This is so that there will be sufficient shrimp to be retail sold. The penalty of disciples selling is an immediate termination of relationship. It happens quite a lot in the past and as time goes by natural selection helps smoothen the process out. That is why there are a lot of shrimp breeders in Taiwan. They all follow an unseen code of conduct.

Breeders and their helpers usually are very close friends and this network is setup so that each person will have a set of tanks and shrimp to breed. They kind of become working “part time” for the breeder. This network helps alleviate the need for one breeder to have more than 200 tanks. This allow breeder to focus on selection within reasonable number of tanks and upkeep with resetting tanks and water change.

If your country doesn’t have an agent to import the breeder shrimp, ask the breeder how to proceed. Normally he will work with someone with an export license to have to export to you.

Note 2: not all breeder will match your criteria. This is like a marriage. What do you want to look for? There is nothing call cheap and quality shrimp. Like you cannot get a Hermès bag for the price of a paper bag. Every breeder have their own strong portfolio but not every breeder have everything well bred. Look for the shrimp you would love to focus on and get to know the breeder. If you need help to liaise with the breeder, ask someone who knows. Always talk to breeders direct or someone who does. Once you have found someone you think you can work with within the set criteria then the journey will be easier.

Taking myself for example, I hit a few bumps along the way and that is because people are trying to sell their shrimp with little knowledge and “cheat” newbies. In my opinion, knowledge and information should be free and readily available to all. Then it is up to the breeder to decide how he does his positioning. If I have started with a reputable breeder, I Guess I would have a better head start. There is always a range of shrimp that the breeder have that will fit your Budget. Remember it’s a hobby!

Information shouldn’t be the differentiation factor because people purchase based on readily available information. Eventually if things goes south at least the breeder reputation will not be tarnish. There are shops in Singapore where they unscrupulously push sales of shrimp and product by telling half truth or discreetly lie about it. The worst in my opinion is the refusal to educate the truth. There are Traders or agent who are in it for the money, teasing you with their selling technique and falsifying the lineage of the shrimp.

I believe this selling model will eventually back fire, the question is only when it back fires and how many keepers get caught in the bind. There will be a time when an agent or consolidator purchase from another consolidator, this truly becomes a whole mayhem, you get cheaper shrimps but it’s a hit and miss. However, if you are a true blue breeder who wants a good lineage, stay away from agents and consolidators (I’ll talk more about getting and communicating direct)

Hence, my belief of true information and be on the up and up with breeders and keepers continues to reign the support of many. There is a reason why breeders prefer to only work with a point of contact because he gets many “request” and it be chaotic to manage it. So if you are unable to contact directly make sure the agent is able to and relay your message with proof of it.

Note 3: your breeder determines your stock, your setup and success. So this is actually one of the most important steps in shrimp keeping. If you want to set it up first time right, it’s best to get all the measurements so that you don’t have to redo it in future.

Does the breeder readily share his shrimp keeping success with you? If so good! You actually need this.

When you form a good relationship with your breeder over time he trust you with his shrimp and his reputation. Mind you, everytime he sells you a shrimp, his reputation is at stake. It far outweigh the monetary benefit of it as it is their livelihood. Once the breeder know you can be trusted he will certainly let you purchase some of his high quality shrimp. Gaining access to high quality shrimp is not a given. I have known of people with good financial backing being turn down to visit Taiwan shrimp breeder because their direction ain’t align. So it pays to be nice.

Note 4: have a clear line of communication with your breeder. That is the reason you chose and stuck to them right? They are responsible for your breeding success!

Note 5: if until a time you have to bid farewell to the current breeder try to do so in an amicable manner. Move on to a new breeder but be mindful that the shrimp circle is very small and if you are tagged a hopper by moving to this and that, soon you will not get access to many good shrimps.

Do not banish your ex breeder and as goals change, so does the breeder. Sometimes you would like to focus on a particular line of shrimp and only that breeder has it or only the breeder have high quality ones, so you decided to move on. Hence, it is still important to know what your goal really is and set it straight.

Note 6: when in doubt ask for proof. One very common occurrence is someone claiming the shrimp of someone else. If there is nothing to hide the seller/agent can prove that it is the breeders shrimp. If he can’t, then forget about it.

Choose your setup

Now that you have selected your breeder, you can now look at his setup and ask him to share the tank dimension and water parameters.

Note 1: The closer your setup is with the breeder the easier the shrimp will arrive and survive in your tank.

All you need is float the bag to match the temperature and you are set. Basically when I receive the shrimp in the bag I will float it for 10 mins and then net it out, pouring the bag water away. This is a clean and quick way of doing things. No more dripping.

Note 2: Follow a process.

It’s always easier not to have what we call the itchy finger syndrome. There is no requirements to keep touching your tanks and doing this and that. Let the shrimps have their peace and you have yours by watching. Just do your weekly water change, feed sparingly and Selection.

Note 3: cycle your tank well. Don’t be anxious in putting a shrimp in because you can’t wait. Ask your breeder what he does during Cycling. For me it’s easy, I do the old method of 40 days cycle and without having to add this or that. Just plain old method of Cycling.

Note 4: ask hard questions to breeders. Don’t be shy because you are going to spend money on shrimps, might as well ask the really difficult questions. A few examples will be a more paradox ones like if I don’t add bacteria powder or if I don’t do x or y what will happen? I like challenging breeders because we need to know if they understand the fundamentals or simply selling magic powder. I haven’t met a breeder tell me that if I don’t add bacteria powder my shrimps will die. We all know they will survive. On the contrary if the breeder does use some product, it’s better to follow because the shrimp may be used to it. But in general as we can all see there is no proven science behind those claims.

Note 5: have backup tanks. For every breeding tank you will need at least 2 others. In other words. One line would need 3 tanks, so depending on the number of tanks you have, it is important to have that all planned out to Ensure a smooth process. If a breeder tells you that one tank is enough to create selection process, then it’s better you look for another breeder.

Choose your shrimps.

Since you have chosen your breeder there will be something that you are particularly looking for.

Note 1: choose your shrimp based on the availability and Budget. Don’t be worried about adding more shrimps later on because a breeder can’t always have good quality stock that you like. So it’s always possible to add 2-3 females to your colony as time goes by. If the whole setup is the same with the breeder, it is perfectly fine to add the breeder shrimp later on.

Note 2: don’t be tempted to believe that getting top grade shrimp is the ultimate goal. It actually is just the beginning. Reason being is simple, you will need to introduce new shrimp to back cross your shrimplets to enhance genetic stability. This is a Long journey so plan your budgeting carefully and always have back up plans.

Note 3: invest not divest. Always invest in good quality stock it will cut down the number of years and tanks you possibly can imagine to get that line.

Key Note 4: if you are going to spend money on shrimp, allocate a portion of the investment to travel to the breeder to look at the shrimp yourself at least once during the journey of shrimp keeping. Preferably earlier than later. Traveling nowadays is cheaper than you think. Go out, meet some friends!

I have put this as special mention because a lot of keepers or breeders put that at the last stage of it. By saying it’s too expensive, too time consuming and later complain why didn’t I learn all of these earlier. It is important if you are already starting in the journey of getting high end shrimp and being serious about it. The benefit outweigh the cost and if you are worried about language and getting there, do talk to your breeder or someone who does so that everything from logistic, accommodation can be arranged for the trip of a life time!

Set your goals.

What do you want to do with shrimp keeping?

Note 1: if you just want to keep shrimp fuss free etc without any consideration of pure lineage, make it your personal goal and get shrimps you like. More important than not, you are the one looking at your shrimp. Not others.

If you belong to this category, then just go out and breed and keep whatever and however you want. However if you do fall into this category it is best to say you keep a mix tank etc rather than say breeding. You can get from consolidator as it is much cheaper that way but do not mislead others. For example consolidators claim this is shrimp ABC but in actual fact they wouldn’t know since they are not the breeder themselves. Can consolidators be breeders? Yes there are some hybrid models but still you wouldn’t know.

Note 2: if you are into breeding the line, don’t mix. Stick to the process.

Breeders take years and hundreds of tanks to achieve to a certain point. If you just take and mix it with another shrimp, you just reset the timer to redo all his shrimps.

Note 3: if your intention is to mix other breeder shrimp and you have thoughts of using the breeders name, don’t. It is easy to back fire because anybody can contact the shrimp breeder and verify. Once it is mix, the breeder can usually tell it apart and there is nothing then bad reputation.

Note 4: don’t be over ambitious. It’s good you want to have the best shrimp but you don’t want to break your piggy bank for that. Set realistic goals based on your setup, time, family, Budget etc.

Note 5: eventually you will want to create a line of your own, start with breeding the breeders line first and when time for you to venture out, ask the breeder for advise, chances are most of the Shrimp type have been bred before but you can always share your thoughts and ask if it is worth doing.

Summary:

Now with all the pointers discussed I hope you are more convinced in setting things right. If you are in the middle of shrimp cross road, I hope this article will help you envisage a path where you would like to go. The journey begins with a clear direction, and with a more structured approach you will be able to enjoy the shrimp hobby better!

Danke!

This blog post is written because an avid reader had requested for it and made a donation to support the writing cause. Thank you! you know who you are.

As easy as it may sound, doing water change is one of the utmost important step in shrimp keeping. If you are able to maintain excellent water conditions, the rest of the elements on shrimp keeping should be fairly straight forward.

Purpose of water change

Why do we even change water? Well, the fastest and easiest way to remove large amount of Nitrate is through water change. Other methods such as having a good denitrification bacteria and plants to absorb the nitrate is good but some shrimp breeders have only a small amount of moss or plants in the tank.

Why the need to remove Nitrate

The reason for removal of Nitrate is although not harmful in small concentration <10ppm, higher potency of Nitrate is still harmful for the shrimp well being. As most of us use buffering soil, it releases Ammonia which converts to Nitrite and then to Nitrate, when both Ammonia and Nitrite is 0 it means the tank is well established and cycled, and leaving Nitrate to be manually remove.

If Nitrate is not remove in a consistent basis, the concentration will keep going up and after 3-4 months the Nitrate level might be way over the top and you do a 20% water change, you start seeing Shrimps die. Why? Although the shrimp might have ‘got use’ to the higher levels of Nitrate but when the fluctuation of pure water hits the tank, it creates a vacuum to be filled (Not just Nitrate but other water parameters). Then why do we even need to change water, can’t we just leave it alone? Eventually, the Nitrate and other water parameters will catch up to the shrimp ability to adapt, it is highly dependent on what type, how many shrimps and for how long.

The common practice is about 10-15% weekly depending on stocking level and i would always start off with 10% weekly for lower stock tanks and less stable breed and 15% for higher stock tanks and more stable breed.

My mistakes during water change Or Points to note:

Like everyone, i make mistakes too and they can be costly mistakes and one of the more critical mistake i try not to make again is to be less distracted during water change. I have flooded my shrimp tank area a few times because i was doing something else and the float valve failed me.

Another mistake that i have made is a faulty TDS meter giving me different reading. Now i measure and confirm my TDS meter with another meter that is of the same batch and manufacturing date. I have gone through many TDS meter from cheap to expensive ones, i find that as long as it’s from a reputable water treatment company it is ok. Nowadays i don’t purchase TDS meters from Aquarium shop as there is no one that can i go back to when there is an error.

Delaying change of Resin. It can get messy i know, all the small resin bits, the need to dispose them after but i generally change them at 600 litres or 6 months whichever comes first. Resins in a grand scheme of things is not something you can save and although some resins are expensive it is better to error on the side of changing it then to leave it and have problems later.

Another point to note is the flow rate of the pure water going in the tank or from a top placed tank reservoir. Speed of water going into the tank has little to no impact to the shrimps, hence we have our TDS 0 water flow directly into the tank at the maximum available speed up to 5L/min.

TDS is not everything, it just measure the total dissolved solids. Please do measure other parameters, especially for sensitive shrimp, such as GH. It is also important to find out what does the salt we have been using made up of. A good salt mix have a 2:1 ratio of CA:MG.

We have moved away from using UGF many years ago as the results are appalling.

My Routine

Fairly simple, 10% all tanks weekly. No top up during the week. TDS 85-90, i’m always gearing towards 85-90 (below 100) as a tighter band gives me more control of what the issues are. I personally do direct TDS 0 water into the tanks except for Neocaridina where i use tap water direct. Normal PRL i do use tap water direct as well, we have good water here in Singapore.

That’s about it! Thanks for reading.

Sharing my messy wet area for all water change activity.

Update: we have expanded to more than 100+ tanks and now uses an automatic system to do water change. We do still keep the old setup for 17 tanks to remind ourselves of where we were and where we are now

Now that you know breeding one line of shrimp is all about having more tanks or a minimum of 3. So in this Part 2 of “all about breeding tanks”, I’ll be touching on what goes inside the breeding tank for selective breeding.

Selective breeding can be quite daunting for some as it requires discipline and a lot of tanks. The long and short of it is to selectively pick out the desired trait and breed it and eventually crossing back to strengthen the gene. Here is an example of selectively breeding the black fancy to make it blacker or darker:

1. Purchase a black fancy tiger male (A)and 5 black ninja female (A1)and place them in tank 2
2. After successful first brood, remove all shrimplets to tank 1 as the shrimplets will look more like black ninja then BFT. (Time line : 4-6 months)
3. Continue the process of remove shrimplets to tank 1
4. Pick out all the females from tank 1 and put it back to tank 2 for breeding (at this stage the female will have some bft gene (F1) this process is to help tank 2 breed out as many shrimplets as possible.( time line : 9 months )
5. If you have access to more tank, you can remove all the F1 female and use the black fancy male (A) to breed or get another male with same black fancy line to help speed up the process. Remember at this stage, you will only want to get your stock from reputable breeders because if the new male is from a different line, your effort is wasted. Have a plan and execute.
6. At the end of 9-12 months you should have a sizeable colony in tank 1 to pick out a new male and a few nicer females to be place into tank 3
7. By the time tank 3 breeds and become adults it will be around 1.5 years later and you should have some desirable trait to it. To perfect it requires a lot more time and line breeding.
8. Keep repeating the process as tank 2 age and die off, with tank 3 becoming the new tank 2 and so on and so forth.
9. At any stage remove all males of non-desirable trait to tank 4 and also remove females that don’t fit the desirable outcome when there is a good size colony.
10. Personally I only use 1 male and the rest are females, I also have an all male tank where I keep the back up stock in there.

Some points to note:

• Keeping another tank of black ninja as a back up in case the 5 female don’t make it (this will require another tank) along the way, you will still have black ninja stock to work with (tank 5)
• Getting a couple more bft males as back up placed in tank 4 or tank 6
• Speeding up process by getting both bft lines
• Prepare more tanks in case of emergency
• Get stock from one single reputable source (do not mix other line of shrimp)
• Line/selective breeding is an old methodology that works – don’t reinvent or adjust, you will not succeed with mixing A to Z.
• If the desired outcome is a mix of 2 selectively bred lines, it only means you will need even more tanks to ensure you have all the shrimps that is being bred to achieve the goal.
• This process works for selecting the desired trait for pattern, color and anything that is within possibilities.

Bft male x black ninja F1 shrimplet

Bft male x (black ninja Female F2) shrimplet

Bft male x bft female F1

Bft female

Every shrimp molt as part of a growing/breeding process but molting can be difficult for some shrimp and they normally die during molting. We term them fail molt.